NTC Accepts Jeff Bishop's FLIES AT THE WELL, About John Wallace Murder Trial

My proposal relied very heavily on the trial transcript. My big challenge in revising was to move away from the transcript. I wanted do a play, which is not the same thing as a trial reenactment. So parts of the play are reenactments of bits and pieces of the trial, but as a whole it tries to be a cohesive story.

Doggrell: Of course, anytime you're putting on a play you've got a single location, a stage, but in this case a courthouse. How did you deal with that limitation?

Bishop: That was the big challenge from the very start. I think limitations are the best way to inspire creativity. I knew my play would be very different from the book. In the movie and the book, you can follow the investigation from place to place. You can go to the scene of the crime in Moreland, to Sheriff Potts' office, Mayhayley Lancaster's house. The challenge became how to use the courthouse in a way that was not confining. So the way the play unfolds, you start out in the courthouse hearing testimony. But then it diverges bit by bit until in the second act you're in the woods. The courthouse becomes the forest.

Abbey: Do you think that down the road it will be possible for another theatre - say in Seattle, Washington -- to perform this play?

Bishop: As a matter of fact, Paul Conroy wants it to not be bound absolutely to the courthouse so we could take it into the theatre space or even other theatres in other towns. The set would have to mimic a courthouse as a starting point. Then as the play morphs into other scenes, a theatre space might help facilitate the scene changes with lighting, special effects, etc.

Abbey: But the Newnan courthouse is an amazing draw.

Bishop: And that was the guiding force all along: that the play could actually be performed in the courthouse. So all time I was writing, that was front and center in my mind.

Doggrell: I understand that your play will be a musical. Is it going to be like an opera, with every speech sung, or will the music simply be in the background?

Bishop: The musical concept threw some people for a loop. I started off with the whole tradition of sacred harp, which seemed very appropriate to this material. Shaped note singing is an old southern tradition that has spread to other parts of the country. There's something raw and primal about it which seemed appropriate for this kind of material. It's very much from the soul. The ambiance and the acoustics of the courthouse remind me a lot of the sound you get in old southern churches. Then I saw that the jurors could serve as a Greek chorus. They would be the singers. But as we reread the play, the singing component expanded to include not just the sacred harp but also Gospel singing, field songs, prison songs, and country songs - what my grandfather called hillbilly music. All these styles are very southern and from that time period.

We're not just trying to tell the story but to have people emotionally involved in the story. Music has been an integral part of theatre from the beginning. The Greek chorus sang the play. Then the soloist became the first actor, moving apart from the chorus. That evolved to what we think of as theatre now. The jury's going to be there to listen to the testimony. The Greek chorus served the same purpose of passing judgment and also commenting on the action of the play. I thought that seemed very appropriate for this particular story: something that was visceral, emotional, and deeply traditional as well as very modern.

The 20th Century Theatre tradition has leaned towards realism. The more ancient tradition is to get behind the surface of things to the emotional truth. So that's what I was trying to tap into - getting at truth through emotional connections. This purpose is really well served through music.

Abbey: Do you envision some of the non-sacred harp music with accompaniment?

Bishop: Yes, definitely. As a matter of fact, Wilson Turner in this play is a banjo picker. And so he will definitely be playing the banjo every time he shows up. We don't have Wilson Turner's testimony - he was, after all, the murder victim. So the challenge is, how do you make him come alive and speak? Old southern songs are ballads, and they're very sad - they're laments -- and some of these ballads tell stories similar to what happened to Wilson Turner. So I thought, if we could incorporate some of these, it would be a way to kind of bring him back to life. Even though we can't make him speak, we have music of that time about people with lives like his. My grandfather was living that kind of life, around that same time period. He was involved in the moonshine business. He was a sharecropper, a mill worker, and he played guitar, mandolin, and the dulcimer. So when I was thinking of Wilson Turner, trying to bring him to life, my grandfather served as a great model.

Abbey: Would you share your reaction to the reading process?

Bishop: It was extremely helpful to me. Pre-reading and post-reading, there are two different plays entirely. Hearing it read out loud by actors, I really started to understand where I went wrong, the alleys I'd gone down that weren't productive, or when something was going on for too long a period of time, or characters that needed to be developed more, themes that needed to be expanded so they came across more strongly. The reading process to me was integral. It's a much stronger play as a result of it.

Some of the music we struggled with. I originally thought we'd go with the folk tradition, for which you don't have written music. But working with people within the structure of a play, it became very evident to me that we were going to need written music. The actors are not going to be sacred harp singers. In order to get across a sacred harp sound, we were going to have to have some written music to go by, because the actors are going to be more traditionally trained. So that's one key change I had to make after the reading. I hired somebody to notate the music.

The actors will have to be musicians. The play is probably about half speech and half singing. Some of the roles aren't going to require a lot of musicianship. But Wilson Turner is a musical role. The actor will have to convincingly play the banjo and to be able to really sing. His wife Julia will also have to be played by someone who can really sing. The way we connect with these people is mainly through song.

Now John Wallace - not so much. He's mainly a speaking character, but he does have some singing. Lamar Potts doesn't sing at all. I actually did have him singing in the original version, and it's funny, but one of the comments I got was, Lamar Potts didn't sing. So I thought, I'm going to make that work for me. It's a line in the revised play. Potts says, I don't sing. It winds up being kind of a key moment when he says that. You'll have to watch the play to understand it. But most of the characters sing at one point.

Abbey: What makes this play more than just another murder story?

If this were just a story about a murder - well, how interesting is that? So why is this murder different? For me this event marks a turning point in Southern history. Traditionally, whoever owned the land - that's who counted. The male landowners could vote. They ran for political office. They were the leaders and business owners. They had the power.

Now my great grandfather was a sharecropper, a tenant farmer. He didn't count. He didn't have the same kind of rights that the landowners did. If you were an African-American, you really didn't count. John Wallace thought he could get away with this murder. He was a land-owning white man. The main people testifying against him, the ones involved in disposing of the body, were his field hands. He didn't suspect that anybody would actually take the testimony of an African-American seriously. He didn't even suspect that they would be in court testifying against him. So to me, the significance is fact that African-Americans did testify against a land-owning white man, and he was convicted based on that testimony - and also that the sheriff thought it was honestly worth the trouble to prosecute over the murder of a sharecropper, a moonshiner.

For me personally, what made it resonate was that we had a Deep South where certain people mattered and certain people did not. After this trial, we had a South where maybe it was possible that other people did matter. Sharecroppers mattered. African-Americans mattered. We're not there yet, but we're moving towards a different kind of society. This was a step along the way.

Just a few years later - in 1954 - the Supreme Court heard the case oF Brown versus the Board of Education. This story is kind of a precursor to all that. And it happened right here in Coweta County. It was a very progressive thing to have happened here. That to me is what makes this story different.

Pictured: Presentation of a $5,000 check to Jeff Bishop for the final draft of a new play on the 1948 John Wallace murder trial. Left to right: Peter Poulos, Chairman of the NTC Board; Caroline Abbey, Project Manager; Jeff Bishop, Playwright; Paul Conroy, NTC Artistic Director; Dave Dorrell, NTC Managing Director.

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